Literature is the art of written works, and is not bound to published sources. Literally translated, the word literature means 'acquaintance with letters' (as in the 'arts and letters'). The two most basic written literary categories include fiction and non fiction.
Technical Reference Publication
Introduction: When supplying a data stream service between a provider and a consumer, the need to provision the use of other application entities, in addition to the provider and consumer, may arise. For example, some party may wish to customize a data stream as a service to a consumer. The customization step might be based on the customer's resource availability (e.g., display capabilities).
Introduction: The Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES) architecture [1] enables cooperative application services (OPES services) between a data provider, a data consumer, and zero or more OPES processors. The application services under consideration analyze, and possibly transform, application-level messages exchanged between the data provider and the data consumer.
Introduction: The Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES) [1] architecture enables cooperative application services (OPES services) between a data provider, a data consumer, and zero or more OPES processors. The application services under consideration analyze and possibly transform application-level messages exchanged between the data provider and the data consumer. The OPES processor can distribute the responsibility of service execution by communicating and collaborating ...
Introduction: In traditional SNMP management, problems are detected on an entity either through polling interesting MIB variables, waiting for the entity to send a Notification for a problem, or some combination of the two. This method is somewhat successful, but experience has shown some problems with this approach. Managers monitoring large numbers of entities cannot afford to be polling large numbers of objects on each device. Managers trying to ensure high reliabilit...
Abstract: OSPF is a link-state intra-domain routing protocol used in IP networks. OSPF behavior over demand circuits (DC) is optimized in RFC 1793 to minimize the amount of overhead traffic. A part of the OSPF demand circuit extensions is the Hello suppression mechanism. This technique allows a demand circuit to go down when no interesting traffic is going through the link. However, it also introduces a problem, where it becomes impossible to detect an OSPF-inactive neig...
Introduction: Reliable multicast transport is a desirable technology for the efficient and reliable distribution of data to a group on the Internet. The complexities of group communication paradigms necessitate different protocol types and instantiations to meet the range of performance and scalability requirements of different potential reliable multicast applications and users [3]. This document addresses the creation of negative-acknowledgment (NACK)- oriented reliabl...
Introduction: Internet Protocol version 6 includes support for addresses of different scope; that is, both global and non-global (e.g., linklocal) addresses. Although non-global addressing has been introduced operationally in the IPv4 Internet, both in the use of private address space (net 10, etc.) and with administratively scoped multicast addresses, the design of IPv6 formally incorporates the notion of address scope into its base architecture. This document specifies...
Introduction: HTTP/1.0 [3] and HTTP/1.1 [11] define protocol constructs (respectively, the HTTP-header and message-header BNF rules) that are used as message headers. These specifications also define a number of HTTP headers themselves, and they provide for extension through the use of new field-names.
Statistical Reference Document
Excerpt: The Census 2000 was characterized by the automation of functions previously performed clerically or using relatively simple tools of automation. Similarly, many of the functions that had been per-formed in an automated fashion by ?in-house? staff were turned over to contract staff. Twelve systems were the subject of study and covered the following areas: telephone questionnaire assistance and telephone followup for coverage edit failures, Internet questionnaire ...
Legal Reference Publication
Excerpt: This Final Project Report is being submitted by the Institute for Social Research (ISR), University of New Mexico in order to satisfy the requirements of award number 97-RTVX- KO02 for the project period January 1, 1997 to July 31, 1998. The original award was for one year from January 1,1997 to December 31,1997. This report is a process evaluation of the Residential Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) program at the Southern New Mexico Correctional Facility (SNMCF...
Introduction: In 1994, the State of Vermont Department of Corrections (DOC) asked Doble Research Associates to conduct a benchmark study of public opinion about crime and corrections in that state. Doble Research is a nonpartisan, public interest research firm that specializes in exploring the public?s thinking about complex policy issues before and after people learns more about them. The firm?s clients are chiefly foundations, government agencies, and other public serv...
Excerpt: Marshall University's mission has four cornerstones and this publication strongly reflects two of them research and community service. At the same time, it contains elements of the university's other objectives quality teaching, of course, and the stimulation of economic development for our state and region. Further, the study is an example of the type of partnerships we at Marshall are eager to develop with governmental agencies and private businesses to help o...
Abstract: The current project enables the Ada County, Idaho Sheriffs Office (ACSO) to apply learning organization principles to recently developed community policing and problem solving practices. The project herein can be stated as an effort to enable a sheriff?s office to examine its behavior in five areas which embody its adoption of community policing elements: periodic assessments of citizens? perceptions of crime and police services, substation policing, patrol bas...
Executive Summary: The disproportionate minority confinement (DMC) mandate of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (JJDP) Act requires states to develop and implement strategies to address and reduce the overrepresentation of minority youth in secure facilities. In an effort to facilitate compliance with the mandate, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) sponsored demonstration projects in five pilot states. In Phase I of OJJDP's DM...
Executive Summary: The disproportionate minority confinement (DMC) mandate of the mandate of the Juvenile Justice an Delinquency Prevention (JJDP) Act requires states to develop and implement strategies to address an reduce the overrepresentation of minority youth in secure facilities. In an effort to facilitate compliance with the mandate, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) sponsored demonstration projects in five pilot states. In Phase I ...
Excerpt: Over the past twenty years, members of the donor community have increasingly recognized that corruption ? commonly (but not uniquely) defined as the abuse of public office for private gain ? is a major impediment to economic development. As the new USAID ...
Medical Reference Publication
At the time that the THELEP programme began, the two major concerns of the scientists working in the area of chemotherapy were the phenomena of microbial persistence and drug-resistance. It appeared certain that relapse caused by the emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium leprae could be prevented by employing combined (multidrug) therapy, particularly combinations including rifampicin, which was known to exert a powerfully bactericidal action against the organism. It...
Foreword iThis report arises from discussions held at the Second International Meeting on Women and Health held at the University of Canberra in April 2001, and from The Kobe Plan of Action for Women and Health (POA) endorsed at the Third International Meeting on Women and Health, held in Kobe, Japan in April 2002. The POA aimed to further the involvement of women in the design of health and welfare policy, the delivery of health services, and the improvement of health ...
Publishing health journals in the African context Overburdened and isolated health professionals Health professionals in Africa cope with larger patient loads, handle a wider range of diseases, and deal with a greater disease burden than those in industrialized countries.They have small budgets and little support with basic resources for diagnosis and care.Their access to up-to-date information and communication technology, including internet services, is limited. In ad...
Better collaborative interaction between the health services and the communities could help to address the challenge of scaling up HIV/AIDS services at the community level. A consultation on Enhancement of the Health Services/Community Interface for HIV/AIDS Prevention, Care and Treatment was held from 5 to 6 December 2002 at the headquarters of the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva, Switzerland. The consultation was convened by the HIV department of the Family a...